Covering for buildings



April 21, 1936. I F, c bv 038,192

. COVERING FOR BUILDINGS Filed June 29, 1934 Patented Apr. 21, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFi cs COVERING FOB BUILDINGS Frederick 0. Overbury, Hillsdale, N. J. Application June 29, 1934, Serial No. 13 ,071."

Claims. (01. 108-9) This invention relatesto coverings for buildings-including sidings and other surfaces as well as roofs of the shingle type-and its object is to provide a covering of this class which shall 5 require considerably less expense of time, labor and materials to assemble than shingle-type coverings now known; which shall be proof against leakage therethrough; which shall have a quite superior appearance and be adapted to embody various designs and color effects; and which shall .be extremely durable and adapted as well as other coverings of its class to withstand such abuse as is incident to persons walking over it when the covering takes the form of a roof.

In the drawing, I I

Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a fragment of a roof embodying the invention, what I termthe foundation being here affordedby an, existing shingle bed;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view lengthwise of a course of the shingles 4, showing a manner of lapping the shingles different from that appearing in Fig. 1;

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are fragmentary sectional views of certain modifications;

Fig. 6 an isometric view embodying the invention and in which the foundation is afforded by a specially prepared bed; and

Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are a plan and side and end elevations, respectively, of the preferred form of such shingles. H

In Fig. 1 a foundation is afforded by a bedof existing or old (as wood) shingles I and sheathing 2 supported by and affixed to rafters 3 and on which these shingles are laid. On this foundation shingles 4 are laid as shown either in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. Thus:

In Fig. 1, beginning with the lowest step of the shingle bed a shingle 4 is laid at one end of such step and nailed at 5 to the bed; then another shingle 4 is laid to' overlap the first such shingle 4 (see left of Fig. 1) and nailed to the bed at a point corresponding 'to 5.and through both shingles 4; and this operation isrepeated along the step until it is entirely covered. .Then a strip or batten 6 is laid on this first course of shingles 4 near the rises of the bed formedby the butts of the second course of shingles I and nailed to the bed at several points, as at I. Then 50 the foregoing operations are all repeated up the roof until all the steps are covered, each succeeding course of shingles 4 overreaching the batten next below, as shown.

.In Fig. 2 instead of all the shingles 4 in a course 55 overlapping their neighbors of the same hand,

each of the alternate shingles 4 overlaps its neighbors on both sides, as at 4x, the nailing (not shown) being effected through their lapping portions.

Each shingle preferably has the form shown .5 in Figs. -'7 to 9, to wit, with one margin 4a abruptly/bent off, as in substantially a right angle, in which case such portion in Figs. 1 and 2 includes its lower edge and depends; or it may also have its opposite marginal portion bent off, as 10 at 41), in the reverse direction to that of the) portion 4a (see Fig. 3), in which case if the batten is used as describedthe portion 4baextends between such batten and the adjoining butts of the shingles I. 15

The shingles 4 are preferably of asphalt, or other composition material, and the portion .thereof which is to be overlapped by a shingle in the same course is preferably provided with one or more water-stop grooves 8 in its outer 20 surface, thus to direct toward its lower edge any water that may find itsway between the lapping portions of the two shingles.

, I might omit the battens as shown in Fig. 4 and extend the shingles 4 up under the buttmargins of the next upper course of shingles I. nailing through the latter shingles, as at 9. But the use of the battens is preferred because of their clamping action without resort to excessive nailing of thebattens in place and because the old shingles I are frequently so rotted'at their butt-margins as to make nailing through them as shown in Fig. 4 practically impossible;

further, the nails will not then be exposed if, as shown, shingles 4 overreach the battens.

From Fig. 5 it will be seen thata row of shingles 4 may span more than one step of the foundation; the shingles I and battens 6 are the same as before, but each shingle 4 has such extent from its bent-off portion 4a to its opposite edge as to span (here) two courses of. shingles I.

In Fig. 6 the foundation is formed by a bed of boards I0 secured to the rafters 3 and each having a tapering cross-section, its relatively upper edge being the thinner so'that the bed is stepped as in the-other figures. At its under side and lower edge each board is rabbeted, leaving an overhang Illa. reaching over the upper margin'of the board next below. The bed being completed, the'shingles 4 may be laid on and nailed in the manner-already described with reference to Figs. 1 or 2, the nailing as at a: being done through the overhangs Illa. Or, as each board is laid a course of shingles 4 may be nailed course, is bent so that the edge of its overhang-- ing portion is presented toward the latter course whereby is made practically possible that impor-- tant feature of my invention consisting in the lapping of adjoining shingles in any course.

Hence a good water-shedding covering proper is formed by the shingle assembly in itself, or without any underneath water-shedding auxiliary.- In any previous construction heretofore suggested the shingles in any row were proposed to be bent so that the margin of each, overhanging another course, would be rebent or returnedin the form of a hook with this consequent disadvantage, not incident to my invention, that the shingles could not in any case be overlapped and thus form a covering proper which in itself would-be a good Water-shed unless the shingles were specially formedso as to interlock at their rebent portions, which not only increases the cost of manufacture and oflaying the roof but gives the shingles such form that they cannot be packed for shipping and handling in compact state but only with appreciablevoids between them.

Further, whereas the shingles in any course, overhanging another course, are according 'to my invention bent toward'the latter course and thus desirably give the appearance as viewed up the roof of being thicker than their material actually is, their bent portions are unconfined. Each course and in fact each shingle is therefore, independently of the others, free to respond 3 to contracting and expanding influences'an'd hence the covering appears at a1l times without those irregularities which it is known in the art would ensue were the shingles confined-as to their said bent portions as well'as at their opposite or upper edges.

The ordinary shingles arelaid with "the major portion of length (as transversely'oi a-course) of those in any course coveredby shingles in two superjacent courses; the jointsbetwe'en side edges ofshi'ngles in a'ny given coursebeingcovered by'shingles in the subjacent and superjacent courses. According to my construction a comparatively small area of each shingle is covered, so that given the same exposure tothe weather as in the case of the ordinary shingle the material required'according'to myconstruction is appreciablyless, as'are alsothe' time-"and labor incident to assembling-thecovering.

It-will be understood that the margin of any shinglein a course which overlaps another course may have, for'purpose of ornamentation, other shape than straight, as shown in the drawing.

Having thus fully described my inventionwhat I claim is:

1. In combination, a foundation presenting a series of successive elongated shoulders all facing in a given direction, courses of shingles in which those in each course are in lapping relation to each other and each formed throughout of flexible sheet material of substantially uniform thickness, said courses being laid on the foundation in overhanging relation to the respective shoulders and to each other in succession and each having the portion thereof which overhangs another course abruptly bent oh and extending approximately to such course in substantial conformity to a plane steeply pitched with respect thereto and being unconfined, and means to secure the shingles in each course to the foundation adjacent their edges which are remote from the" corresponding overhanging portion.

2. A covering for buildings including successively overhanging courses of shingles in which those in each course are in lapping relation to each other and are respectively formed throughout of flexible sheet material of substantially uniform thickness and each of which has the marginal portion thereof which overhangs another course abruptly bent off toward the course so overhungand extending in substantial conformity to a plane steeply pitched with respect to such overhung course, in combination with a foundation to which the shingles in each course are secured at their opposite marginal portions, the'first-named marginal portions of the shingles in'each course together forming a flange and being unconfined.-

3. A covering for buildings including successively overhangingcourses of shingles in which those in eachcourse' are in lapping relation to eachother and are respectively formed throughout of flexible sheet material of substantially uniform thickness and each of which has'the'marginal portionthereof which overhangs another course abruptly bent olf'toward the course so overhung and extending in substantial conformity to a plane steeply pitched'with respect to such overhung course, in combination with a stepped bed on whose steps said courses are respectively laid and relatively slender battens secured to the foundation andlaid on the respective courses adjacent the 'rises'of said steps and securing said courses to the foundation, said marginal portions of the shingles in each course together forming a flange and being unconfined.

4. A covering for buildings including successively overhanging courses of shingles in which those in'each course are in lapping relation to each other and are respectively formed throughout of flexible sheet material of substantially uniform thickness and -each of which has the marginal portion thereof which overhangs another course abruptly bent o'ff' toward the course so overhung and extending in substantial conformity to a plane steeply pitched with respect to such overhung course, in combinationwith astepped foundation whose steps are formed with overhangs overlying the opposite marginal portions of the shingles and securing means penetrating saidoverhangs and opposite marginal portions, the first-named marginal portions of the shingles in each course forming a flange'and being unconfined;

5. A covering for buildingsincluding successively overhanging courses of shingles in which those in each course are in lapping relation to each other'and each formed of flexible sheet material of substantially uniform-thickness, the portions of each shingle which respectively "overhang and are overhung bycourses being abruptly bent off and extending" in substantial conformityto planes steeply pitched with respect to such courses--- FREDERICK C. OVERBURY 

